ကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္ကရဿ ခိဢ္နဿ္တဖဢ္အဂ့ဿ္ဖုဢ္ကိာ္

စီၯဘးအူကႜံ စီၯဘးအူကႜံအိဢ္ဖဲ်ဢ္ဖဲ(၁၉၀၅)နံဢ္ဖဲ၀့ဿ္ပသံဢ္န့ဢ္္လီၯ.အ၀ဲဒိဢ္ထီဢ္ဘဢ္လဿပွၯကဲဒိဢ္္အိဢ္ဒီးစံာ္ပွဲၯဟီဢ္ခိဢ္ကပံာ္အဒူဢ္အထဿပူၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၂၅နံဢ္အ၀ဲဖ်ိထီဢ္၀ဲဖႜဢ္စိမိၯဖဲ၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္္၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံကဲထီဢ္ပီဿ္၇ီတ၈ၯဒီးဘဢ္တဿ္ကိးအီၯလဿအဲကလံးပီဿ္၇ီတဿ္မၯ၂နံဢ္၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံ၁၉၃၇နံဢ္အ၀ဲနုာ္လီၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီးကီဿ္ပယီၯပဒိဢ္ဒံအမ့ဿ္ခိသဲြကိတိဢ္တ၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲတဿ္ဒုးဖးဒိဢ္ခံဘ်ီတဘ်ီ၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံ၁၉၄၆နံဢ္အ၀ဲဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္ကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿKNUလဿကညီဒီတကလုာ္တဿ္ဘဢ္သးအခဿဢ္စးဒီးကီ္ဿ္ပယီၯတဿ္သဘ့်အ၈ီဿ္တဘ်ီဃီဃ့ထီဢ္စ့ဿ္ကီးအဲကလံးလဿကပ်ဲကညီအိဢ္ဒီးအကီဿ္စဲဢ္ဒဢ္၀ဲန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၄၆တုၯလဿလါFebruary(၁၉၄၇)နံဢ္အ၀ဲတူဿ္လိာ္ဒီးကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္္တဿ္ကစီဢ္ခိဢ္္က်ဿဿ္၊ဒီးတဿ္လဲၯတဿ္က့ၯကိတိဢ္ခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္တုၯလီၯလဿApril(၁၉၄၇)အ၀ဲဟးထီဢ္လဿကိတိာ္အလီဿ္တစုန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲJanuary(၁၉၄၉)နံဢ္ကညီဒီတကလုာ္၈ဲၯထဿဢ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿတဿ္လဿ၀့ဿ္အ့စ့ဢ္အ၀ဲတီခိဢ္၇ိဢ္မဲ၀ဲန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲလါAugust၁၂သီ၁၉၅၀နံဢ္စီၯဘးအူကႜံဘဢ္တဿ္မၯသံအီၯလဿက်ဲဖဲထိဢ္ကီးကိသ၀ီစံာ္ဒဲလီဿ္အဘူးဒီး၀့ဿ္(Moulmeil)၁၇၀မဲဢ္ (Miles)န့ဢ္လီၯ.ပွၯထဿတဿ္ကစီ္္္ဢ္ဖိအူသီအ၀ဲကစဿ္ဃုသ့ဢ္ညါတဿ္၈့ဿ္တဿ္က်ိၯဘဢ္ဃးကီဿ္ခိဢ္စီၯဘးအူကႜံ အတဿ္သံအ၈့ဿ္ဒီးကြဲးပာ္ဖ်ါထီဢ္၀ဲလဿအလံာ္(A journalist, A General and an Army in Burma)သုးပဒိဢ္ပာ္ဖ်ါထီဢ္ဒီးစံးဘဢ္ပွၯထဿတဿ္ကစီဢ္ဖိလဿကဘီယူၯပူၯစံး၀ဲစီၯဘးအူကႜံဘဢ္တဿ္ဖီဢ္္သံဃုာ္ဒီးပွၯပဿဿ္ဆဿတဿ္ဖိခိဢ္နဿ္ဒိဢ္ထီစီၯစဲခ့ဢ္ဒီးပွၯကီၯလၯ၀ါသုးခိဢ္(Vivien)တ၈ၯလဿဘဢ္တဿ္ထဿနုာ္လီၯအီၯလဿဃိဢ္ပူၯခီဖ်ိသူတဿ္စုက၀ဲၯလဿတဿ္နာ္လဿအီဢ္ဆါအတဿ္သံန့ဢ္မ့ဿ္အ၀ဲအတဿ္သုးက်ဲၯ၀ဲတဿ္စုက၀ဲၯသုးပဒိဢ္တဖဢ္စံး၀ဲ(လဿတအိဢ္ဒီးတဿ္သးအုး)ဒံန့ဢ္လီၯ.ပွၯဃုတဿ္ကစီဢ္ဖိတ၈ၯအံၯမၯန့ဿ္တဿ္ကစီဢ္အံၯဖဲလဿအ၀ဲလဲၯဃုသ့ဢ္ညါဒီးသံကြဿ္၀ဲအ၀ဲသ့ဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ခိဢ္္နဿ္သ့ဢ္တဖဢ္ဘဢ္တဿ္ဖီဢ္အီၯခါတဿ္စုက၀ဲၯတအိဢ္လဿၯဘဢ္ဒီးမူဒံ၀ဲဘဢ္ဆဢ္ဘဢ္တဿ္မၯသံအီၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.အ၀ဲသ့ဢ္၈ုာ္က်ဲးစဿးဃ့ဿ္၀ဲဖဲဆဿကတီဿ္လဿပက်ဲးစဿးသုးက်ဲၯလဿကဆွဿအ၀ဲသ့ဢ္လဿသုးမုဿ္လီဿ္က်ဲလဿအအိဢ္ဘူးဒီးတဿ္လီဿ္ဖဲန့ဢ္၊ပမၯ စဿၯအ၀ဲသ့ဢ္တသ့ဘဢ္၊ဖဲတဿ္အိဢ္သးဒံန့ဢ္ခါန့ဢ္က်ဲတအိဢ္လဿပကမၯပူၯအ၀ဲသ့ဢ္ဘဢ္၊အ၀ဲသ့ဢ္စံး၀ဲအ၀ဲကပာ္လီၯတဿ္နာ္လဿပဖီခိဢ္တန့ဿ္ဘဢ္အဃိပသူ၀ဲသုးတဿ္ကလုဿ္လဿဖီဢ္သံန့ဢ္လီၯ.အအံၯသုးပဒိဢ္အတဿ္စံးဘဢ္ပွၯထဿတဿ္ကစီဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဒံသိးကညီဖိသုတမၯလၯကပီၯဘဢ္တဿ္စိဢ္၊လဿဿ္ထူဢ္တဿ္သ့ဢ္နီဢ္သုတအိဢ္အ၈ီဿ္ဒုဢ္ဒါသ့ဢ္တဖဢ္လဲၯကြံာ္လီၯစီၯဘးအူကႜံအစိဢ္လဿပီဢ္လဲဢ္ပူၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ကီဿ္ခိဢ္စီၯဘးအူကႜံအတဿ္သံအံၯမ့ဿ္၀ဲဖဲ၁၂သီလါအီကူာ္၁၉၅၀နံဢ္ဒီးမုဿ္နံၯအ၀ဲအံၯဘဢ္တဿ္ပာ္ပနီဢ္ပာ္ကဲအီၯဒံကညီပွၯဒူပွၯဃိၯ၊မၯထူ၇ၯမုဿ္နံၯဒီးတဿ္သ့ဢ္နီဢ္ထီဢ္သိဢ္ဒူလဿအဟ့ဢ္လီၯသးသမူလုဿ္ဒိဢ္ပွၯဒိဢ္လဿပ၀ဲကညီဖိတဖဢ္အတဿ္ထူဢ္ဖ်ဲးအ၈ီဿ္ဒီးဘဢ္တဿ္မၯလၯကပီၯအီၯလဿကညီဖိအိဢ္လဿဟီဢ္ဒီဖ်ဿဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯဘးသ့ဢ္စ့ဢ္ စီၯဘးသ့ဢ္စ့ဢ္အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၂၇နံဢ္လဿဟဲစဢ္ဒဢ္(Henzada)အ၀ဲမၯလိတဿ္လဿအမဲ၇ံကၯဘ်ဿထံမ့ဢ္၈ွဿဢ္တီၯထိကႜိဒီးမၯတဿ္လဿစ၇့ပွၯကြဲးနီဢ္တဿ္တ၈ၯလဿ(War Office) လဿ၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္တုၯလဿ၁၉၄၆ နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. အ၀ဲနုာ္လီၯဘဢ္ထြဲဒီးအ့စ့ဢ္တဿ္ဒုးဒီးတယံာ္ အ၀ဲနုာ္လီၯမၯသကိးတဿ္လဿသုးက့၂ သုးက့ ခိဢ္သဢ္ကပီၯဖဲတီအူကီးက၇့းလ့ဘွဲက၀ီၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၆၃အ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿလီဿ္ ခဿဢ္သးကမံးတံာ္ဖိတ၈ၯဒီးဘဢ္တဿ္ဃုထဿထီဢ္အီၯဒံအမ့ဿ္ကူဢ္သ့ဆဲးလၯမူဒါခိဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၇၀နံဢ္ဒီး၁၉၈၀ နံဢ္အဘဿဢ္စဿၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.အ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿနဲဢ္၇ြဲဢ္ခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္ဒီးတယံာ္ကီဿ္သူလ့ၯ ကီဿ္ခိဢ္ ပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯဖဲ ၁၉၈၄ န့ဢ္လီၯ. ကီဿ္ခိဢ္မါဘးစဢ္ ကီဿ္ခိဢ္မါဘးစဢ္အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၁၆၊မီဘ့ဢ္(Maubin)မ့ဿ္တဿ္လီဿ္တတီၯဃီလဿအကသဿကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္ကႜိသ၇ဢ္တ၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.မါဘးစဢ္နုာ္လီၯလဿကညီဒီကလုာ္သဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿဖဲ၁၉၄၇နံဢ္ဒီးကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္သုး၈ဿၯသးခိဢ္(KNDO)အဆိကတဿဿ္တ၈ၯဖဲ၁၆လါယူၯလံတနံဢ္ဃီန့ဢ္လီၯ.အကစဿ္အတဿ္ထံဢ္လဿထံ၇ူဿ္ကီဿ္သဲးမ့ဿ္ပွၯSocialistဖိတ၈ၯ(Socialistမ့ဿ္၀ဲပွၯတ၈ၯလဿတဿ္ပာ္သးအိဢ္လဿတဿ္မၯန့ဢ္ကလဘဢ္မၯဒံသိးသိးအီဢ္ဒံသိးသိးဒီးထံကီဿ္ဒီဘ့ဢ္တဿ္ထူးတဿ္တီၯန့ဢ္ကဘဢ္မ့ဿ္ပွၯကိး၈ၯအတဿ္ပွၯဟံးန့ဿ္လီၯဆီထဲတ၈ၯတသ့ဘဢ္)၊ကီဿ္ခိဢ္မါဘးစဢ္မ့ဿ္ပွၯတ၈ၯလဿအအိဢ္ဒီးထံရူဿ္ကီဿ္သဲးတဿ္ထံဢ္စိတ၈ၯ၊အကစဿ္မၯတဿ္ထံဢ္လိာ္စံးကတိၯသကိးဒီးသိဢ္မွံၯ(Communist Party of Burma),ဖဲ၁၉၅၂ နံဢ္လဿတဿ္အံၯအဃိ ဒုးတဿ္ဒီသဒဿတဿ္က၇ဿက၇ိ (the formation of an umbrella organization) ဒီး The National Democratic United Front (NDUF). ဒံ အမ့ဿ္ KNU ပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯခံ၈ၯတ၈ၯ ဒီးမ့ဿ္၀ဲ နီဿ္၀ံဿ္ခံခဿက၇ဿအဃိတဿ္ထံဢ္တလီၯပလိာ္အိဢ္ထီဢ္လဿက၇ဿပူၯသုးခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္စီၯဘိဢ္မႜးထုးလီၯဖးသးဟ့းန့ဿ္မုဿ္ထီဢ္ကီဿ္ခီမ့မ့ဿ္မါဘးစဢ္ဟံန့ဿ္ထံထဢ္စြ့ဘဢ္ဆဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၆၈နံဢ္အကစဿ္ကိးထံဢ္လိာ္သးဒီးသုးခိဢ္ပက်ဿဿ္စီၯဘိဢ္မႜးဒီးအိဢ္ဃူအိဢ္ဖွိးက့ၯတပူၯဃီဒီးဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္က့ၯKNUကညီိဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿန့ဢ္ လီၯ. မါဘးစဢ္ ကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္ KNU ပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯ ဖဲ၁၉၆၉ တုၯလီၯလဿ ၁၀ August ၁၉၇၆ နံဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲတဿ္ဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္(National Democratic Front သီသီအခါအကစဿ္ ဘဢ္တဿ္ဃုထဿ ထီဢ္ဒံ အမ့ဿ္က၇ဿခိဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ကီဿ္ခိဢ္မါဘးစဢ္သံ၀ဲဖဲမၯနဿၯပ်ီကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿလီဿ္ခဿဢ္သးလီဿ္လံၯဖဲလါမ့ၯ ၁၉၈၂ နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. နီဿ္လြံဿ္စဢ္ဘဲစိဢ္ နီဿ္လြံဿ္စဢ္ဘဲစိဢ္အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၄၁၀့ဿ္တကူူဢ္မ့ဿ္၀ဲပွကးျပါ Portuguese Jew အဖိမုဢ္၊အမိဿ္ မ့ဿ္ကညီ မုဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.နီဿ္လြံဿ္စဢ္ဘဲစိဢ္္ကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္ကီဿ္ပယီၯမုဢ္ဃံလၯကတဿဿ္Miss Burma ဖဲနံဢ္ ၁၉၅၀ ဒီး ၁၉၅၈ န့ဢ္လီၯ. အကစဿ္မ့ဿ္စ့ဿ္ကီးမုဢ္၈ဲၯဒိဒီးဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္ (ပူ- တဿ၈ီၯမူ) တဘ်ဳးဘ့ဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. ဖဲအဖ်ိထီဢ္ကႜိလဿBoston၀ဲၯဟဲက့ၯကဒါက့ၯဆူကီဿ္ပယီၯဒီးဖဲ၁၉၆၄ဒိးတ့ဒိးဖ်ီအသးဒီး သုးက့ ၅ သုးက့ခိဢ္လီဿ္လ့ၯ စီၯလ့ထ့ဢ္ မ့ဿ္ပွၯတ၈ၯလဿအက့ၯလီၯဃုာ္ဒီး ဟဲထဿဢ္သဢ္မြ့ ဒီးမၯသကိး တဿ္ဒီးဒုဢ္ဒါန့ဢ္လီၯ.တုၯမ့ဿ္ဒုဢ္ဒါမၯသဲလ့ထ့ဢ္ဖဲတဘူးတယံၯဒီးသထိဢ္၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံနီဿ္လြံဿ္စဢ္က၇ဿက၇ိထီဢ္က့ၯသုးက့၅သုးဖိတဖဢ္ဟဲက့ၯလဿတဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿက်ါန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၆၇နံဢ္အ၀ဲဒိးတ့ဒိးဖ်ီကဒီးအသးဒီးပွၯအမဲ၇ကၯဖိGlen Craing ဒီးလဲၯအိဢ္လဿCalifornia၀့ဿ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. ကညီဖိလဿအိဢ္လဿကီဿ္ယံၯပွၯဟူး၈ဲၯတဿ္ထံ၇ူဿ္ကီဿ္သဲးတဿ္က၇ဿကရိလဿပကညီဒိကလုာ္အ၈ီဿ္ နီဿ္လြံဿ္စဢ္မ့ဿ္စ့ဢ္ကီးပွၯတ၈ၯလဿ၈ဲၯလိာ္တဿ္နီဿ္နီဿ္တ၈ၯမၯသကိးစ့ဿ္ကီးတဿ္လဿ pro-democracy groups န့ဢ္လီၯ. အူလးဖ့ဢ္ အူလးဖ့ဢ္အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၀၉နံဢ္သးဖးယးဖ့းစ့ဢ္သ၀ီ၊သထိဢ္တဿ္ပဿတခီန့ဢ္လီၯ.အူလးဖ့ဢ္မ့ဿ္ပအိဢ္ကလုာ္ ဒီးဖဲယပဢ္ဟဲနုာ္လီၯကီဿ္ပယီၯဒီးဒီးကထဿဢ္ဘးမီဢ္ကဲခိဢ္ကဲနဿ္လဿတဿ္ပဿတဿ္ျပးအခါအ၀ဲမ့ဿ္၀ဲသ့ဢ္ပွဿ္ကိတိဢ္ဒီးမၯသကိးတဿ္ဘူးဘူးတံဿ္တံဿ္ဒီးစီၯဘးအူကႜံန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲတဿ္ဒုး၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံဒံအမ့ဿ္ကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿ ထီဢ္ပအိဢ္ တဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿတခ်ဳးလဿအ၀ဲသံလဿ အဲးတမဢ္ Asthma ဖဲ ၂၅ September ၁၉၇၅ နံဢ္ ဒံဘဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯဟဲထဿဢ္သဢ္မြ့ စီၯဟဲထဿဢ္သဢ္မြ့အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၀၅နံဢ္၊ပသံဢ္Basseinန့ဢ္လီၯ.အကစဿ္အိဢ္ဖ်ိထီဢ္(Judson College)ဖဲ၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္တခ်ဳးလဿအကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္ District educational inspector ပွၯဘဢ္မူဘဢ္ဒါ လဿတဿ္ကူဢ္ဘဢ္ကူဢ္သ့တခီပၯဖဲဟဲဟစဢ္ဒဢ္Henzadaန့ဢ္လီၯ.အကစဿ္နုာ္လီၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီးက၇ဿမိဿ္ပွဿ္ဖဲ ၁၉၄၇ နံဢ္ဒီးမ့ဿ္စ့ဿ္ကီးပွၯတ၈ၯလဿမၯသကီးတဿ္ကညီဖိတဿ္၈ဲၯထဿဢ္ဖဲ ၁၉၄၉ နံဢ္ဘူးဘူးတံဿ္တံဿ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.အကစဿ္မ့ဿ္ခိဢ္နဿ္တ၈ၯလဿထံထဢ္စြ့တကပၯဒီးမ့ဿ္ပွၯတ၈ၯလဿတဿ္ထံဢ္ဒီးခိဢ္ကိၯလဿစုထြဲတကပၯတ၈ၯလီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၅၆နံဢ္တုၯ၁၉၆၃အကစဿ္ကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္ကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္ က၇ဿပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯန့ဢ္လီၯ. အနီဿ္ကစဿ္ဘဢ္တဿ္သ့ဢ္ညါအီၯဒံအမံၯမ့ဿ္မူဆိကီဿ္ကစဿ္ (emperor ) ဒီးက့ၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီးပယီၯပဒိဢ္ဖဲ ၁၉၆၃ နံဢ္လီၯ. စီၯဟဲထဿဢ္သဢ္မြ့သံဖဲ၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္ ၂ January ၁၉၈၀ နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯဟဲစဿဢ္ကႜဢ္ဒိ စီၯဟဲစဿဢ္ကႜဢ္ဒိအိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၀၇နံဢ္မီမႜးမ့ဿ္တီၯခဿဢ္စးကႜိခိဢ္တ၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.စီၯဟဲစဿဢ္နုာ္လီၯသုးတဿ္မၯလိ Sandhurst military academy ဖဲ ၁၉၃၀နံဢ္၊ ဖဲတဿ္ဒုးဖးဒိဢ္ခံဘ်ီတဘ်ီအကစဿ္အိဢ္လဿ တဿ္လီဿ္ ဒီးနုာ္လီၯကီဿ္ပယီၯတဿ္ဒီသဒဿသုးမုဿ္ဒိဢ္the Burma Defence Army န့ဢ္လီၯ.မ့ဿ္ပွၯထီဒါပွၯယပဢ္ဖိ က၇ဿဖိတ၈ၯဒီးဖဲ၁၉၄၅ နံဢ္အ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္သုးခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္ခံတုၯမ့ဿ္တဿ္ ဒုးဖးဒိဢ္၀ံၯတခ်ဳးလဿအကစဿ္ ဟးထီဢ္ဒံးလဿသုးမုဿ္ဒံဘဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၅၀နံဢ္၊ဒီးနုာ္လီၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီးအူနူးဖဲ၁၉၆၀နံဢ္.ဖဲ၁၉၈၀နံဢ္အကစဿ္အိဢ္ဘွံးလဿသုးလီဿ္ဒီးဖဲအက့ၯလဿ၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္တဿ္တဟံး၈့ဿ္၀ီအီၯဘဢ္. အ၀ဲဘဢ္တဿ္ ဃုထဿထီဢ္လဿ တဿ္ဟ့ဢ္တဿ္ဖးကမံးတံာ္ the election commission ဖဲ ၁၉၈၈ နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯလ့ထ့ဢ္ စီၯလ့ထ့ဢ္အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ဖဲ၁၉၂၅နံဢ္လဿသမဲThamaingဘူးဒီး၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.လ့ထ့ဢ္မၯတဿ္ဒီးပွၯယပဢ္ထိခဲဖဿဢ္ထံဢ္Kempenteiသုးမုဿ္ဒံပွၯက်ိာ္ထံတဿ္ဖိတ၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ထဲ၁၉၄၈နံဢ္လ့ထ့ဢ္နုာ္လီၯ၀ဲဆူကညီဒီကလုာ္၈ဿၯသးက၇ဿဒီးမၯသကီးတဿ္ဒီးကညီပွၯပဿဿ္ဆဿတဿ္ဖိန့ဢ္လီၯ. တနံူဢ္ပူၯအလီဿ္ခံံဖဲ ၁၉၅၆ နံဢ္လ့ထ့ဢ္ကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္သုးက့၅ခိဢ္လဿသထိဢ္ဒီးဖဲ၁၉၆၁နံဢ္အကစဿ္တီခိဢ္၇ိဢ္မဲဆွဿလီၯအသုးမုဿ္ဆူ၀့ဿ္မဲဆီးဘဢ္တဿ္နာ္လဿတဿ္သးတမံအိဢ္ထီဢ္လဿအ၀ဲဒီးပွၯယိၯဖိပွၯမၯကၯတဿ္ဒီးလဿတဿ္ဟ့ဢ္ကဢ္အ၈ီဿ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၆၀နံဢ္လ့ထ့ဢ္က့ၯပာ္လီၯတဿ္စုက၀ဲၯဒီးဟဲထဿဢ္သဢ္မြ့ဒီးဒိးတ့ဒိးဖ်ီအသးဒီးမုဢ္၈ဲၯဒိဒီးမ့ဿ္ စ့ဿ္ကီးမုဢ္ဃံလၯလဿကီၯပယီၯနီဿ္လြံဿ္စဢ္ဘဲးစဿဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. လ့ထ့ဢ္ပယီၯမၯသံအီၯဖဲ September ၁၉၆၅ နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯစ့ဢ္ဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္ စီၯစ့ဢ္ဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ဖဲနိၯ၀့ဘဿဢ္(၃)သီ(၁၈၈၂)နံဢ္လဿ၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္အလိကညီက၀ီၯ.အမိဿ္မ့ဿ္နီဿ္ကးလယးလူနံဢ္ဒီးအပဿ္မ့ဿ္အူလူနံဢ္န့့ဢ္လီၯ.အဒီပုဿ္ပဲဿ္အိဢ္(၃)၈ၯအ၀ဲမ့ဿ္ပွၯ၀ဲဿ္ကိဒီးပွၯလူမံဢ္အဘူးအတံဿ္တဖဢ္မ့ဿ္ပွၯအိဢ္ဒီးတဿ္ကူဢ္ဘဢ္ကူဢ္သ့၊မံၯဟူပွၯသ့ဢ္ညါအီၯအါလဿထံလီဿ္ကီဿ္ပူၯကလုာ္က်ါမ့ဿ္၈့ၯလဿထံ၇ူဿ္ကီဿ္သဲးမ့ဿ္၈့ၯလဿကညီဖိအက်ါန့ဢ္လီၯ. ဒီးကထဿဢ္ထံသဢ္ဘႜဢ္၊ အူလူနံဢ္ (စံၯဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္အပဿ္)၊ ဒီးအဖါတံဿ္ဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္ဒီကလုာ္က၇ဿKaren National Association (KNA) န့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯစ့ဢ္ဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္ အပါမ့ဿ္တဿ္အိဢ္ဖွိဢ္သ၇ဢ္ဒီးကဲ၀ဲမဲဢ္၇ြဲဿ္ခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္လဿကညီဒီကလုာ္ကရဿthe Karen National Associationန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲလဿအပဿ္ဒီးအဖါတံဿ္လဲၯပူၯ၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံအကစဿ္ဒီးအဘူးတံဿ္ဆြ့ဢ္မႜိတဖဢ္ဟံး ထီဢ္ဖီဢ္ထီဢ္မူဒါဒီးမၯက့ၯတဿ္လဿကညီဒီကလုာ္က၇ဿပူၯ the Karen National Association န့ဢ္လီၯ. ဖဲလဿကညီဒီကလုာ္က၇ဿအိဢ္ထီဢ္သီခါလူနံဢ္အဆြ့ဢ္မႜိကဲ၀ဲနဲဢ္၇ြဲဿ္ခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္၊ပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯ၊ပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯခံန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲလဿအ၀ဲဖ်ိထီဢ္တီၯထီကႜိအကစဿ္လဲၯလဿကီၯလၯသူကီဿ္ဒံသိးကဆဲးမၯလိတဿ္အ၈ီဿ္လီၯ.ဖဲန့ဢ္၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံအ၀ဲလဲၯမၯလိတဿ္လဿကီဿ္အဲကလဲးဒံသိးကမၯနဿ္ဒံဢ္က၇ံဢ္လဿတဿ္ဘ်ဿ၊တဿ္သိဢ္တဿ္သီ honor degree of Bar at Law န့ဢ္လီၯ. ဖဲလဿအဖ်ိထီဢ္ကႜိဒီးမၯနဿ္ဒံဢ္က၇ံဢ္၀ံၯဟဲက့ၯက့ၯလဿကီဿ္ပယီၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲအကစဿ္ဟဲက့ၯတုၯကီဿ္ပ ယီၯအ၀ဲဆဲးမၯက့ၯတဿ္လဿကညီဒီကလုာ္က၇ဿ the Karen National Association အပူၯဒီးတဿ္မၯအ၈ုာ္အ၈ၯစ့ဿ္ကီးန့ဢ္လီၯ.စံၯဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္ဟ့ဢ္လီၯသးလဿကလုာ္၈့ဿ္၀ီ၊ထံ၇ူဿ္ကီဿ္သဲး၈့ဿ္၀ီမ့ဿ္၈့ၯလဿၯလဿၯဆ့ဆ့တုၯလဿအကစဿ္သးနံဢ္အိဢ္ ၄၀ ဒီးဖဲလါအ့ျဖ့း ၂၇ သီ ၁၉၂၂ နံဢ္န့ဢ္ ဒိးတ့ဒိးဖ်ီသးဒီးနီဿ္အဲဢ္ဒံလူနံဢ္ဒီးအိဢ္ဒီးဖိခြါတ၈ၯ၊ဖိမုဢ္တ၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.အကစဿ္အမူဒါလဿကညီဒီကလုာ္က၇ဿအပူၯမ့ဿ္ထံ၈ုၯကီဿ္၈ၯ၊ ထံလီဿ္ကီဿ္ပူၯမ့ဿ္၈့ၯ၈့ဿ္၀ီ external and internal affairs of (KNA) န့ဢ္လီၯ. အန့ဢ္အန့ဿ္အ၀ဲမၯစ့ဿ္ကီးတဿ္လဿဘ်ီဢ္ဒိဢ္ထံဖိကီဿ္ဖိခဿဢ္စးက၇ဿဖိ a member of the House of Representative ဘ်ီဢ္ဒိဢ္ပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯ Chairman of Parliament ၊ ကႜိခိဢ္ School Principal ၊က၇ဿဖိလဿတီအူတဿ္၈ုၯထီဢ္ပသီသီဢ္က၇ဿ(a member of the Taungoo Development Agency) ပွၯ၇ဲဢ္က်ဲၯစ့တဿး (Director of the Union Bank Board) ဒီး YMCA ပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯ (chairman of the YMCA) န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဒံသိးကဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္က့ၯ the diarchy (diarchy ) မ့ဿ္၀ဲဖဲအပူၯ ကြံာ္လဿပွၯမၯလဲဿ္အီဢ္ကီဿ္အဲကလံးဖိပဿကီဿ္ပယီၯအခါကီဿ္ပယီၯတမ့ဿ္ကီဿ္ပယီၯဘဢ္မ့မ့ဿ္ တခီဘဢ္တဿ္ပ၀ဲထဲကီဿ္ကီၯလၯသူအကီဿ္၇့ဢ္တဘ့ဢ္(Province)တခါလီၯ.အဃိဒံသိးကီဿ္ပယီၯကအိဢ္က့ၯဒံထံကီဿ္တဘ့ဢ္အသိးစံၯဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္ခဿဢ္စးဘဢ္က်ဲၯ၀ဲန့ဢ္လီၯ.အဖုဢ္၊diarchyမ့ဿ္ဒဢ္တဿ္ဃ့လီၯဖး ဒီးဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္က့ၯကီဿ္အသီ)လဿကီဿ္ပယီၯဒီးကညီကန့ဿ္ဘဢိတဿ္ခြဲးတဿ္ယာ္လဿတဿ္ပဿတဿ္ျပး၊ စံၯဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္ဒီးခဿဢ္စးတဖဢ္ဘဢ္တဿ္ဆွဿအ၀ဲသ့ဢ္ဆူကီၯလၯသူကီဿ္ဖဲ၂၀လါအီကူဢ္ ၁၉၁၇ နံဢ္လီၯ. ဖဲန့ဢ္က၇ဿဖိလဿဘ်ီဢ္ဒိဢ္လဿတဿ္ပဿတဿ္ျပး(members of parliament in the Diarchy administration)ပွၯအိဢ္၀ဲ(၁၀၃)၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၂၃)၊ပွၯကညီဖိခဿဢ္စး(၅)၈ၯပာ္ဃုာ္လဿကီဿ္ပယီၯ ပွၯဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္တဿ္သိဢ္တဿ္သီက်ါ (the Burma Legislative council) န့ဢ္လီၯ. စံၯဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္ ဟံးန့ဿ္တဿ္မၯဒံကမ်ဿဿ္ခဿဢ္စး( a memver of representatives) ပသံဢ္ကလံၯစိးတကပၯစးထီဢ္လဿ (၁၉၃၈)တုၯလဿ(၁၉၄၁)နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲအကစဿပဿတဿ္အခါန့ဢ္ဘ်ီဢ္ဒိဢ္လဿတဿ္ဖီခိဢ္ထီဘိဒီးဘ်ီဢ္ဒိဢ္ လဿတဿ္ဖီလာ္ထံဖိကီဿ္ဖိခဿဢ္စး (the House of Commons and House of Representatives) ပွၯအိဢ္၀ဲ ၃၆ ၈ၯ၊ ဒီးဘ်ီဢ္ဒိဢ္တခါစုာ္စုာ္ပွၯအိဢ္ ၁၈ ၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.လဿဘ်ီဢ္ဒိဢ္က၇ဿဖိတဖဢ္ပွၯ ၁၈ ၈ၯဘဢ္တဿ္ဃုထဿထီဢ္အီၯလဿပဒိဢ္ဒီးအ၈ၯ(၁၈)၈ၯဘဢ္တဿ္ဃုထဿထီဢ္အီၯလဿကမ်ဿဿ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ကညီဖိ(၃)၈ၯပာ္ဃုာ္လဿဘ်ီဢ္ဒိဢ္ခဿဢ္စးန့ဢ္လီၯ.စီၯစံၯဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္ဟံးန့ဿ္အလီဿ္ဒံပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯလဿဘ်ီဢ္ဒိဢ္လာ္ခီကအိဢ္တလါဃဢ္ဃဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၄၆)နံဢ္၊အကစဿ္ကဲခိဢ္ကဲနဿ္ဒီးကညီခဿဢ္စးတဖဢ္လဲၯ၀ဲဆူကီဿ္အဲကလံးဒံသိးကပာ္ဖ်ါထီဢ္၀ဲကညီဒီကလုာ္က၇ဿအ၈့ဿ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၃၉)နံဢ္ကညီနံဢ္ထီဢ္သီအဆိကတဿဿ္တဘ်ီဘဢ္တဿ္မၯလၯကပီၯဒီးခိဢ္နဿ္(၅)၈ၯအက်ါပဃုာ္စီၯစံၯဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္၊ဆဲးလီၯအမံလဿ တဿ္၇ဲဢ္က်ဲၯကညီနံဢ္ထီဢ္သီဆူကညီဖိအိဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲလဿအ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္၀့ဿ္ခိဢ္ပွၯပဿ၀့ဿ္(a municipal councillor)အခါအကစဿ္ကိးနဿ္က်ဲတဖဢ္အမံၯလဿကညီက်ိာ္ဒီးက်ဲလဿ၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္တဿ္ကိးလဿအူလူနံဢ္က်ဲအိဢ္စ့ဢ္ကိးန့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯစံၯဒနံဢ္လူနံဢ္ စူးကြံာ္အသးဖဲလါယူၯ ၁၆ သီ ၁၉၅၆ နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯမီ၇ဲဢ္ စီၯမီ၇ဲဢ္မ့ဿ္ပွၯက၇ံဢ္နံဢ္ဖိ၊အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ထီဢ္ဖဲ(၁၉၂၀)နံဢ္အ့ဢ္ကႜီဢ္သ၀ီ၊တီအူကီဿ္၇့ဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.စီၯမီ၇ဲဢ္မ့ဿ္ပွၯတ၈ၯလဿအဟူး၈ဲၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီးပွၯထီဒါပွၯယပဢ္ဖိဖဲဟီဢ္ခိဢ္တဿ္ဒုးဖးဒိဢ္ခံဘ်ီတဘ်ီဒီးလဿခံကတဿဿ္န့ဢ္အ၀ဲနုာ္လီၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီးကညီ(Rifles),တဖဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.လဿတဿ္သူဢ္တမုာ္သးတမုာ္ထံကီဿ္ပဒိဢ္တဖဢ္အဃိ၊အ၀ဲဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္၀ဲဒဢ္က၇ံၯနံၯဒီကလုာ္တဿ္က၇ဿက၇ိ the Karenni National Organisation ဖဲ ၁၉၄၇ နံဢ္ဒီးလဿလီဿ္ခံတနံဢ္န့ဢ္ the United Karenni States’ Independence Army (UKSIA) ဒီသိဢ္ဒီမွံၯဒီး(KNDO),န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၄၉)နံဢ္အ၀ဲဘဢ္တဿ္ဖီဢ္န့ဿ္အီၯလဿပယီၯသုးမုဿ္ဒီးဘဢ္တဿ္ထဿနုာ္လီၯလဿဃိဢ္ပူၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.အကစဿ္ဘဢ္တဿ္ပ်ဿ္ဖ်ဲးအီၯဖဲ၁၉၅၃နံဢ္၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံအ၀ဲက့ၯမၯသကိးက့ၯတဿ္ ဒီးက၇့ဢ္နံဢ္ပွၯပဿဿ္ဆဿတဿ္ဖိဒီးကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္၀ဲဒဢ္(KNPP),အပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯဖဲ၁၉၆၀-၁၉၇၇ နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ခံနံဢ္၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံအ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္(NDF),အပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯဒီးအ၀ဲမၯတဿ္တုၯလဿ၁၉၉၁ နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯဘိဢ္မႜး စီၯဘိဢ္မႜးအိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ထီဢ္ဖဲ ၁၉၂၇ နံဢ္လါယူၯနူၯအါ၇ံၯအသီ ၂၀၊ ဖဲထံမူခံသ၀ီထဢ္ပူဢ္ကီဿ္၇့ဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. အ၀ဲစးထီဢ္အိဢ္ဘဢ္ကႜိလဿအသးနံဢ္အိဢ္အနံဢ္တဆံန့ဢ္လီၯ.လဿကီဿ္အ့ရွၯအပူၯန့ဢ္ခီဖ်ိလဿဟီဢ္ခိဢ္တဿ္ဒုးဖးဒိဢ္ခံဘ်ီတဘ်ီစးထီဢ္အဃိအ၀ဲဘဢ္ပာ္တ့ဿ္ကြံာ္၀ဲအတဿ္ဖံးလိမၯဒိးန့ဢါလီၯ.ဖဲန့ဢ္အဆဿကတီဿ္န့ဢ္အ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္ပွၯယပဢ္ဖိအပဿၯကီဿ္တ၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.လဿခံအကစဿ္ပတုာ္အတဿ္မၯဒီးနုာ္လီၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီး (Force) 136 န့ဢ္လီၯ. တဿ္ဒုးခံဘ်ီတဘ်ီ၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံန့ဢ္အ၀ဲမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီး (AFPFL) the AFPFL government’s Union Military Police (UMP) န့ဢ္လီၯ. ဖဲတဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿစးထီဢ္သီသီအခါန့ဢ္အ၀ဲလီဿ္လၯမ့ဿ္၀ဲသုးသ၇ဢ္ ၂ ပ့် rank of corporal ဖဲလဿ၁၉၄၉ နံဢ္န့ဢ္အကစဿ္လီဿ္လၯထီဢ္လဿသုးခိဢ္(၃)ပ့်(Sergeant)န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲလဿ(၁၉၅၆)နံဢ္န့ဢ္အ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္၀ဲသုးဒ့ခိဢ္(company commander) န့ဢ္လီၯ. ဖဲ ၁၉၆၃ နံဢ္န့ဢ္တဿ္လီၯဖးအိဢ္ထီဢ္လဿ ကညီ တဿ္ပဿဿ္ ဆဿဖိက်ါလဿဘဢ္တဿ္တီခိဢ္၇ိဢ္မဲအီၯလဿမါဘးစဢ္ဒီးဟဿထဿဢ္သဢ္မြ့န့ဢ္လီၯ.စီၯဘိဢ္မႜးတခီဆဿတဲာ္ လီၯတသးလဿကမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီးမါဘးစဢ္ဒီးဘဢ္တဿ္ဃု ထဿထီဢ္အီၯဒံအမ့ဿ္(KNUP) လီဿ္ခဿဢ္သး ထီဘိကမံးတံာ္က၇ဿဖိတ၈ၯ၊ဘဢ္ဆဢ္အ၀ဲသးတမုာ္လဿထံ၇ူဿ္ ကီဿ္သဲးအတဿ္ထံဢ္လဿ(KNUP)န့ဢ္လီၯ. လဿတဿ္အံၯအဃိဖဲ(၁၉၆၅)နံဢ္န့ဢ္အ၀ဲထုးလီၯဖးသးဒီးဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္၀ဲဒဢ္(KNLC),က၇ဿန့ဢ္လီၯ.မ့ဿ္လဿတဿ္လိဢ္နီဿ္နီဿ္လဿကညီဖိပွၯပဿၯဆဿတဿ္ဖိတဿ္ဃူတဿ္ဖိးအ ၈ီဿ္အဃိဖဲ ၁၉၆၈ နံဢ္န့ဢ္မါဘးစဢ္ဒီး စီၯဘိဢ္မႜးထံဢ္လိာ္သးဒီးဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္ Karen National United Front (KNUF)န့ဢ္လီၯ. က၇ဿအံၯမါဘးစဢ္ကဲ၀ဲဒဢ္ပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯ၊ဒီးမ့မ့ဿ္လဿစီၯဘိဢ္မႜးတခီကဲ၀ဲဒဢ္္ပွၯ ပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯခံ န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၆၉)နံဢ္န့ဢ္တဿ္က၇ဿက၇ိ၀ဲအံၯဘဢ္တဿ္ဆီတလဲက့ၯအီၯဆူကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿ န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၇၆)နံဢ္၈့ဿ္၀ီဿ္အူတဿ္အိဢ္ဖွိဢ္ဘဢ္တဿ္မၯအီ္ၯဖဲမၯနဿၯပ်ီစီၯဘိဢ္မႜးဘဢ္တဿ္ဃုထဿထီဢ္အီၯဒံအမ့ဿ္ကီဿ္ခိဢ္တ၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဒီးအ၀ဲမၯတဿ္တုၯလဿ၂၀၀၀နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.လဿခံအကစဿ္ဘဢ္တဿ္ဃုထဿ ထီဢ္အီၯဒံအမ့ဿ္ကီဿ္ခိဢ္ခံဒီးတဿ္ဒီသဒဿသုးမုဿ္ဒိဢ္ခိဢ္တုၯသးသမူဟးထီဢ္တစုန့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯစဲခ့ဢ္ စီၯစဲခ့ဢ္အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ထီဢ္ဖဲ(၁၉၁၄)နံဢ္ဖဲမီဢ္လမႜဲဢ္တဿ္ပဿန့ဢ္လီၯ.အ၀ဲမ့ဿ္၀ဲသုးခိဢ္ဖဲသုးနီဿ္၈ံဿ္၁၃၆ဒီးလဿခံတယံာ္အကစဿ္နုာ္လီၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီးကဲထီဢ္ A Member of the Frontier Areas Committee of Enquiry(FACE) က၇ဿဖိန့ဢ္လီၯ. က၇ဿအံၯဘဢ္တဿ္ဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္အတဿ္တိာ္ဒံသိးကဃ့ဢ္လီၯ ဘွါလီၯတဿ္သဘံဢ္ဘုဢ္လဿကလုာ္ဒူဢ္အဘဿဢ္စဿၯဒီးဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္တဿ္ဃူတဿ္ဖိးတခ်ဴးလဿကီဿ္ပယီၯတဿ္သဘ့်န့ဿ္ဒံးဘဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၄၇နံဢ္န့ဢ္အ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္(KNDO)အ(commander)န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဒီးအ၀ဲမၯ သကိးတဿ္ဒီးစီၯဘးအူကႜ့ဒီးသံ၀ဲဒဢ္တပူၯဃီလဿဒုဢ္ဒါအတဿ္ဟဲထီဢ္ဒုးအီၯ၊ ဖဲ ၁၉၅၀ နံဢ္လါအီကဿး ၁၂ သီန့ဢ္ထိဢ္ကီၯကိသ၀ီန့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯစကီၯလဿဿ္တီ စီၯစကီၯလဿဿ္တီအိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ထီဢ္ဖဲ(၁၉၁၄)နံဢ္(Kyaunkpya)တီအူန့ဢ္လီၯ.အ၀ဲဖ်ိထီဢ္၀ဲဒဢ္ Judson College School, ဒီးအ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္၀ဲဒဢ္သ၇ဢ္ကႜိခိဢ္လဿသၯယၯ၀့ၯဒံၯတကပၯန့ဢ္လီၯ. ဖဲဟီဢ္ခိဢ္တဿ္ဒုးအဆဿကတီဿ္အ၀ဲနုာ္လီၯဆူ(Force)136တဖဢ္အက်ါဒီးတုၯမ့ဿ္တဿ္ဒုး၀ံၯအ၀ဲက့ၯကြဿ္ကဒါက့ၯကြဿ္ကဒါက့ၯ၀ဲသ၇ဢ္ကႜိခိဢ္အတဿ္ဖံးတဿ္မၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲကညီတဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿစးထီဢ္သီအခါန့ဢ္အ၀ဲမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီး(KNU)ဖဲ၁၉၅၃တုၯ၁၉၅၆နံဢ္အဘဿဢ္စဿၯကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္၀ဲပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯ တစိဿ္တလီဿ္မ့ဿ္စ့ဢ္ကီး၀ဲဒဢ္ KNUP ခိဢ္နဿ္တ၈ၯလဿပကိ၇ိမးဒီးလဿတဿ္လဲၯထံဢ္စံး delegation to meet the communist Party of Burma န့ဢ္ လီၯ. အ၀ဲဟဲက့ၯအိဢ္ဖဲမၯနဿၯပ်ီ ဒီးဟံးန့ဿ္မူဒါလဿ ကကြဲးထုးခ့ဢ္အဲဢ္ယူဢ္အ၈့ဿ္လဿကီၯလၯက်ိာ္လံာ္အပူၯန့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯစကီၯလဿဿ္တီသံ၀ဲဒဢ္ ဖဲမၯနဿၯပ်ီ လါမး၈ွး ၇ သီ ၁၉၈၉ နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯတဿ္မ်ဿ္ဘီ စီၯတဿ္မ်ဿ္ဘီ အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ထီဢ္ ဖဲ ၁၉၂၀ နံဢ္ ဖဲမီဢ္လမႜဲဢ္တဿ္ပဿန့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯတဿ္မ်ဿ္ဘီ မ့ဿ္ကီဿ္ပယီၯ၇ဲးဖဿဢ္ (Rifles) နီဿ္၈ံဿ္ ၂ တုၯလီၯလဿယပဢ္ဟဲနုာ္လီၯကီဿ္ပယီၯဒီးအကစဿ္နုာ္လီၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီးသုးခိဢ္စံက့ Major Seagrim အကလံးသုဢ္ခိဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.စီၯတဿ္မ်ဿ္ဘီ န့ဢ္ဘဢ္တဿ္ဖီဢ္အီၯလဿပွၯယပဢ္ဖိဒီးတဿ္ထဿ နုာ္အီၯလဿဃိဢ္ပူၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဘဢ္ဆဢ္အ၀ဲဃ့ဿ္ထီဢ္က့ၯန့ဿ္ဒီး၄လါအလီဿ္ခံအကစဿ္နုာ္လီၯမၯသကိးတဿ္ ဒီးသုး(Force)နီဿ္၈ံဿ္၁၃၆တဖဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.တဿ္ဒုး၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံအ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္၀ဲဒဢ္ပွၯမၯတဿ္လဿ၇ူပူၯလဿကညီ၇ဲးဖဿဢ္နီဿ္၈ံဿ္ ၁ ဒီး ဖဲ ၁၉၄၉ နံဢ္ ဖဲကညီဖိတဖဢ္ ၈ဲၯထဿဢ္ထီဒါတဿ္အကစဿ္ပာ္ဃုာ္ဒီး မၯသကိး တဿ္ဒီးကညီပွၯပဿဿ္ဆဿတဿ္ဖိတီအူန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၆၉ နံဢ္န့ဢ္အ၀ဲမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီး(KNLA) တုၯလဿအ ကဲထီဢ္ဘဢ္သုးခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္တ၈ၯဒီးဆဿကတီဿ္ခဲအံၯအ၀ဲမ့ဿ္၀ဲကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿအပွၯပဿၯ လီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯန့ဢ္လီၯ. စီၯသါအီဢ္ စီၯသါအီဢ္အိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ထီဢ္ဖဲ(၁၉၂၈)နံဢ္အ့စ့ဢ္ကီဿ္ဆဢ္၊၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.အကစဿ္ဖ်ိထီဢ္ကႜိလဿကီဿ္အ့ဒယဿ္အပူၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.လဿခံန့ဢ္အ၀ဲပဿဆွဿ၇ဲဢ္က်ဲၯမၯက့ၯတဿ္လဿတဿ္ထီဢ္ဆွဿလီၯအခီပနံဢ္ (transport company)ပူၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.အ၀ဲမၯသကိးတဿ္ဒီး(KNUP)ဒံပဒိဢ္တ၈ၯဒီး(KNU)မ့ဿ္၀ဲနဲဢ္၇ြဲဿ္ခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္စးထီဢ္ဖဲ(၁၉၇၅-၁၉၈၄)နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၈၄နံဢ္ အကစဿ္ကဲထီဢ္၀ဲကညီဒီကလုာ္ပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯခံန့ဢ္လီၯ. အ၀ဲသံ၀ဲဒဢ္ဖဲ ၁၉၉၂ နံဢ္လါအ့ျဖ့ဢ္ ၂ သီဖဲကံဿ္မဲကီဿ္ကႜီဢ္တဲဢ္အပူၯန့ဢ္လီၯ. ပဒိဢ္မါရွဢ္လါဖါ ပဒိဢ္မါရွဢ္လါဖါအိဢ္ဖ်ဲဢ္ထီဢ္ဖဲ(၁၉၄၃)နံဢ္လါယူၯလံ(၅)သီ၊လဿအ့ဢ္ယဢ္၀တံဢ္ကီဿ္ခီ၊ပါသနီဢ္ကီဿ္ဆဢ္တီကႜီသ၀ီန့ဢ္လီၯ.အပဿ္မ့ဿ္၀ဲမါဘးသီဿ္ဒီးအမိဿ္မ့ဿ္၀ဲ၈ါနးတ့ဢ္နဢ္လီၯ.အဒီပုဿ္၀ဲဿ္အိဢ္(၂)၈ၯ၊ဒီးမ့ဿ္ဖိခြါခံ၈ၯတ၈ၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.အမံၯနီဿ္ကီဿ္မ့ဿ္၀ဲမါခႜံး၇ြဢ္ဒီးအမံမလဿတဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿမ့ဿ္၀ဲပဒိဢ္မါရွဢ္လါဖါန့ဢ္လီၯ.အ၀ဲစးထီဢ္မၯလိတဿ္ဖဲယ့တဲဢ္ကိတီၯခဿဢ္သးကႜိပါတနီဢ္ကီဿ္ဆဢ္၊စးထီဢ္လဿ၁၉၅၉၆၀နံဢ္ဒီးဖ်ိထီဢ္တီၯဖုဢ္ဒီးတီၯခဿဢ္သးဖဲန့ဢ္လီၯ.၀ံၯအလီဿ္ခံဆဲးမၯလိကဒီးတဿ္ဖဲပါတနီဢ္တီၯထီကႜိတုၯ(၈)တီၯ၀ံၯဖ်ိ၀ဲ၈့ၯ၈့ၯဘဢ္ဘဢ္ဒီးလဲၯမၯလိက့ၯတဿ္လဿ၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲအ၀ဲမၯလိဒံးတဿ္လဿဖႜဢ္စိမိၯ၊လဿ၀့ဿ္တကူဢ္အဆဿကတီဿ္အ၀ဲနုာ္လီၯဟူး၈ဲၯစ့ဿ္ကီးလဿ(၁၉၆၂) နံဢ္၊ ဆဲလံဘံယူၯလံတဿ္ပထီဢ္အပူၯလီၯ. ဖဲ ၁၉၆၆ နံဢ္န့ဢ္အ၀ဲဖ်ိိိထီဢ္ဖႜဢ္စိမိၯဒီးမၯန့ဿ္လံာ္အုဢ္သးတဿ္လၯကပီၯလဿတဿ္စံဢ္စိၯတဲစိၯန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ ၁၉၆၃ နံဢ္လဿာ္အဆဿကတီဿ္အ၀ဲဆဲးက်ိးဒီးကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿဒီးစးထိဢ္ဟူး၈ဲၯဒီးဟံးမူဒါလဿအဟီဢ္ လာ္တဿ္မမတုၯလီၯလဿ(၁၉၆၆)နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၆၇)နံဢ္အ၀ဲဟဲနုာ္လီၯလဿကညီတဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿဟီဢ္က၀ီၯအပူၯ၊လဿပကိ၇ိမးဟီဢ္က၀ီၯဒီးစးထီဢ္ဟံးထီဢ္ဖီဢ္ထီဢ္ကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿအတဿ္ဖံးတဿ္မၯဒီး မူဒါတဖဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၇၅)နံဢ္န့ဢ္အ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္သုးက့(၃)ခ်ဿဢ္လြံဿ္ထူဢ္ကီဿ္၇့ဢ္၊ကီဿ္၇့ဢ္နဲဢ္၇ြဲဢ္သဃဲၯဒီးဟံးန့ဿ္မူဒါတုၯလီၯတီၯလီၯတုၯလဿ(၁၉၈၄)နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၇၆)နံဢ္အတီဿ္ပူၯအ၀ဲဒိးတ့ဒိးဖ်ီအသးဒီးကညီတဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿအသုးမုဢ္နးကႜဢ္၇ြဢ္ဖဲခ်ဿဢ္လြံဿ္ထူဢ္ကီဿ္၇့ဢ္အပူၯ၊ဒီးအ၀ဲဒိးန့ဿ္ဘဢ္အဖိမုဢ္ဖိခြါလြံဿ္၈ၯလဿအမ့ဿ္စီၯစ့စ့၊နါဘြါဘြါဖါ၊နါစိၯယၯဖါစလိၯဖါသ့ဢ္တဖဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၈၄)နံဢ္န့ဢ္အ၀ဲနုာ္လီၯဖီဢ္ထီဢ္မူဒါဒ္ကလုာ္ဒူဢ္ဒံဿ္မိဢ္ျခဲးထ့းက၇ဿစိ(NDF) အလီဿ္ခဿဢ္သးပွၯပဿၯလီဿ္ဆ့ဢ္နီၯက၇ဿဖိတ၈ၯအသိးလီၯ. ဖဲ ၁၉၈၄နံဢ္န့ဢ္တဿ္လဲၯလီၯက၇ဿက၇ိတဿ္လဿက၇့ဢ္နံဢ္ကီဿ္စဲဢ္တုၯလီၯလဿယိၯဒိဢ္ကီဿ္စဲဢ္ကလံၯစိး၊ ယိၯဒိဢ္ကီဿ္စဲဢ္ကလံၯထံး၊ဒီးလဿကခႜ့ဢ္ကီဿ္စဲဢ္ကလံၯထံးတကပၯလီၯ.တဿ္လဲၯတဘ်ီအံၯမ့ဿ္၀ဲကလုာ္ ဒူဢ္ပာ္ဖွိဢ္ဒ္အမ့ဿ္ (KNPP) ခ့ဢ္အဲဢ္ယူဢ္ကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿ(ALP, PPLO, APLSP,NMSP, KIO,SSPP)အတဿ္လဲၯသကိးကလုာ္ဒူဢ္ခိဢ္နဿ္ဒိဢ္ထီတဖဢ္ပာ္ဃုာ္ဒီးဖဲန့ဢ္အ၀ဲဟံးမူဒါဒ္သုး၈့ဿ္၀ီခိဢ္နဿ္ ခံ၈ၯတ၈ၯအသိးန့ဢ္လီၯ.တဿ္လဲၯတဘ်ီအံၯ(NDF)အတဿ္ဟူးတဿ္၈ဲၯဒ္အမ့ဿ္ကလုာ္ဒူဢ္တဖဢ္အတဿ္ထဲသိးတုၯသိးဒီးတဿ္ဒိးန့ဿ္တဿ္စံဢ္ညီဢ္ပဿလီၯသးခြဲးယာ္၊တဿ္ဟူး၈ဲၯမၯတဿ္လဿတဿ္ဒုးအိ္ဢ္ထီဢ္ဖဲးဒ၇ဿဢ္ ကီဿ္စဿဖွိဢ္လဿအမ့ဿ္အတီအတဿ္ရဲဢ္တဿ္က်ဲၯတဖဢ္အ၈ီဿ္လီဿ္က၀ီၯကလုာ္ဒူဢ္ခိဢ္နဿ္တဖဢ္ဒီ္းထံဖိကီဿ္ဖိတဖဢ္အက်ါအ၀ဲနုာ္လီၯမၯသကိး၊တဿဢ္ပီဢ္ဒီးဟ့ဢ္ကူဢ္ဟ့ဢ္ဖးသကိးတဿ္လဿတဿ္သူဢ္ဟူးသး၈ဲၯအပူၯ န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ၁၉၈၄နံဢ္အ၀ဲကဲထီဢ္ကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿလီဿ္ခဿဢ္သးပဿဆွဿတဿ္ကမံးတံာ္က၇ဿဖိ ဒီးဟံးန့ဿ္မူဒါဒ္သုးခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္ဘိဢ္မႜးအနီဿ္ကစဿ္နဲဢ္၇ြဲဢ္တုမလီၯလဿ(၁၉၈၈)နံဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၈၈)နံဢ္အတီဿ္ပူၯကီဿ္ပယီၯကႜိဖိလဿအဃ့ဿ္ထီဢ္တုၯဃီၯဆူကလုာ္ဒူဢ္တဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿဟီဢ္က၀ီၯတဖဢ္ပ၈ီဿ္အ၀ဲပဿဆွဿ၇ဲဢ္က်ဲၯဆီဢ္ထြဲတဿ္လဿာ္သူဢ္လဿာ္သးလဿတဿ္ဃူတဿ္ဖိး၊တဿ္၇ိဿ္ဖွိဢ္အတဿ္ဖံးတဿ္မၯအ၈ီ္ဿ္လီၯ.ဖဲ (၁၉၈၉)နံဢ္တဿ္ဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္ကီဿ္ပယီၯဒံဿ္မိဢ္ျခဲးထ့းသိဢ္မွံၯက၇ဿ(DAB)အဆဿကတီဿ္ဒ္ခိဢ္နဿ္တ၈ၯအသိးအ၀ဲပာ္ဃုာ္၀ဲ၊၀ံၯဒီးဟံးဖီဢ္ထီဢ္တဿ္မၯဒ္လီဿ္ခဿဢ္သးပဿဆွဿကမံးတံာ္တ၈ၯအသိးဒီးက်ဲးစဿးဆီဢ္ထြဲ မၯစဿၯတဿ္လဿကလုာ္ဒူဢ္တဿ္က၇ဿက၇ိတဖဢ္ဒီးဒံဢ္မိဢ္က၇့ဢ္စံဢ္က၇ဿတဖဢ္အတဿ္၇ိဢ္ဖွိဢ္ဃူဖိးအ၈ီဿ္ န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၉၂)နံဢ္၊စဲးပထ့ဘဿဢ္၂၂သီအနံၯတဿ္စးဒုးအိဢ္ထီဢ္(NCUB)အခါအ၀ဲပဢ္ဃုာ္စ့ဿ္ ကီး၀ဲဒီး ဟံးဖီဢ္ထီဢ္မူဒါဒ္အမ့ဿ္နဲဢ္၇ြဲဢ္သဃဲၯသဿ၈ၯတ၈ၯအသိးန့ဢ္လီၯ. အ၀ဲဟံးမူဒါဒ္(NCUB)နဲဢ္၇ြဲဢ္တုၯလဿ အလုဿ္ထီဢ္ကြံာ္အသးတစုလီၯ.ဖဲ(၁၉၉၅)နံဢ္တဿ္မၯကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿခီက၇ဲး(၁၁)၀ီတ၀ီအခါတဿ္ဃုထဿထီဢ္အီၯလဿအကဟံးဖီဢ္ထီဢ္မူဒါဒ္က၇ဿအနဲဢ္၇ြဲဢ္သဃဲၯတ၈ၯအသိးန့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၂၀၀၀)နံဢ္၊တဿ္မၯကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿခီက၇ဲး(၁၂)၀ီတ၀ီအန့ဢ္တဿ္ဃုထဿထီဢ္အီၯဒ္က၇ဿအနဲဢ္၇ြဲဿ္ခိဢ္ က်ဿဿ္တ၈ၯအသိး၊ဒီးဖဲကညီဒီကလုာ္စဿဖွိဢ္က၇ဿခီက၇ဲး(၁၃)၀ီတ၀ီအခါစ့ဿ္ကီးတဿ္ဃုထဿထီဢ္ကဒါ က့ၯအီၯအသီတဘ်ီလဿကကဲထီဢ္က၇ဿအနဲဢ္၇ြဲဿ္ခိဢ္က်ဿဿ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ပဒိဢ္မါရွဢ္လါဖါမ့ဿ္ပွၯလဿအသးစဲ လဿတဿ္ကြဲးလံာ္ကြဲလဲဿ္ဒီးတဿ္ဖးလံာ္ဖးလဲဿ္တကပၯဒီးလဿ(KNU)လီဿ္ခဿဢ္သးထုးထီဢ္သနူထူကႜဿနဿဢ္ အပူၯအထိဢ္ဒံးဘိအမံၯမံဿ္ယ့ဢ္ဆဢ္၊တဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿသိဢ္ဒူတ၈ၯ၊စိဿ္ယဿ္ဖါဒီးအ၀ဲကြဲးတ့ဿ္တဿ္ကြဲးဒ္အမ့ဿ္တဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿခိဢ္နဿ္ဒီးသုးဖိတဖဢ္အသးတမူအ၈့ဿ္ဖုဢ္ကိာ္၊တဿ္ကြဲးထီ၇ီၯဒီးလုဿ္ဖိထါဖိဘဢ္ဃးတဿ္ပဿဿ္ဆဿဒီးတဿ္ထံဢ္တဿ္ဆိကမိဢ္တဖဢ္န့ဢ္လီၯ.ဖဲ(၂၀၀၈)နံဢ္၊လါဖ့ၯျဘူၯအါ၇ံၯ(၁၄)သီအနံၯဘဢ္ဖဲ(၄း၄၆) နဢ္၇ံဢ္အဆဿကတီဿ္အ၀ဲစူးကြံာ္အသးသမူခီဖ်ိလဿပွၯအဿဖိခံ၈ၯအတဿ္ကူဢ္အဿမၯသံကြံာ္အီၯအဃိလီၯ.